Complete Geography Notes on Major Lakes and Wetlands of Bihar for BPSC and Other Competitive Exams in 2025

Complete Geography Notes on Major Lakes and Wetlands of Bihar for BPSC and Other Competitive Exams in 2025

Geography-5

Here is a detailed explanation of “Major Lakes and Wetlands of Bihar” focusing on:

1. Key lakes and wetlands in Bihar
2. Their geographical, ecological, and economic importance
3. Relevant facts likely to appear in MCQs

4. Major Lakes and Wetlands of Bihar

Bihar has several important natural and man-made lakes and wetlands, which play vital roles in:

• Ecology (biodiversity, habitat for migratory birds)
• Economy (fisheries, agriculture, tourism)
• Water conservation (rainwater harvesting, groundwater recharge)

1. Kanwar Lake (Begusarai)

Location:

• Situated in Begusarai district, North Bihar

Type:

• Oxbow lake – formed by the meandering of the Burhi Gandak River

Area:

• Around 67.5 sq. km (largest freshwater oxbow lake in Asia)

Ecological Importance:

• Recognized as a Wetland of International Importance (Ramsar Site) – designated in 2020
• Home to over 60 species of migratory birds, including:
  • Siberian crane, bar-headed goose, sarus crane
• Supports aquatic biodiversity: fish, amphibians, aquatic plants

Economic Importance:

• Fisheries and agriculture for surrounding villages
• High potential for eco-tourism and bird-watching
• Source of water for irrigation and cattle

Threats:

• Encroachment, siltation, eutrophication
• Pollution from nearby settlements

BPSC Relevance:

• Ramsar Site, largest oxbow lake in Asia

2. Baraila Lake (Vaishali)

Location:

• Located in Vaishali district, North Bihar

Type:

• Natural freshwater lake, seasonally connected to Gandak River system

Ecological Importance:

• Habitat for resident and migratory birds
• Wetland vegetation supports local biodiversity

Economic Importance:

• Fishing, paddy cultivation, and livelihood activities
• Used for water storage, aquatic farming

Threats:

• Shrinking water spread due to agricultural encroachment
• Urban runoff and lack of conservation efforts

BPSC Relevance:

• Lesser-known than Kanwar, but sometimes asked under minor wetlands or regional ecology

3. Nagi–Nakti Bird Sanctuary (Jamui)

Location:

• Jamui district, Southern Bihar
• Comprises two reservoirs: Nagi Dam and Nakti Dam, about 4 km apart

Type:

• Man-made reservoirs turned into bird sanctuaries

Ecological Importance:

• Protected under Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
• Recognized Important Bird Area (IBA) by Bird Life International
• Home to:
  • Bar-headed geese, Indian courser, Brahminy ducks, and other migratory species
• Dams are surrounded by dry deciduous forests

Economic Importance:

• Supports eco-tourism during winters
• Irrigation source for nearby agriculture
• Helps in maintaining micro-climate and groundwater recharge

BPSC Relevance:

• Only official bird sanctuary in Bihar – important for wildlife, forest, and geography sections

Other Important Lakes and Wetlands of Bihar:

• Kanwar Lake (Kabartal Wetland): Located in Begusarai district, it’s Asia’s largest freshwater oxbow lake and a Ramsar site, acting as a vital stopover for migratory birds. 
• Nagi and Nakti Bird Sanctuaries: These man-made wetlands in Jamui district are recognized as Ramsar sites, providing habitat for diverse flora and fauna, including endangered species like the Indian elephant. 
• Gogabil Lake: This wetland in Katihar district is another important site for migratory birds. 
• Ghora Katora Lake: Situated near Rajgir, this horseshoe-shaped lake is known for its scenic beauty and historical significance. 
• Kharagpur Lake: A popular destination for scenic views and relaxation. 
• Simri-Bakhtiyarpur Lake: Known for its tranquil atmosphere and scenic beauty. 
• Other Notable Wetlands: Bhimbandh Wildlife Sanctuary, Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary, and Kaimur Wildlife Sanctuary also feature wetlands of ecological importance. 

Ecological & Economic Importance of Lakes/Wetlands in Bihar

Likely MCQs in BPSC Prelims