Best online Platform for Revision of History for Competitive Exam Preparation NTPC (RRB)- June 2025

Best online platform for Revision of History for competitive exam NTPC (RRB) preparation- June 2025. All effort has been made to keep the Syllabus of NTPC RRB, while compiling the revision notes.

History Set -2

Medieval History

• The Arab conquest of Sind in 712 AD was part of a Mohammaden invasion for the spread of Islam.
• During the Khaliphate of Omar, Arab forces attempted to get Bombay.
• The Arabs conquest of Makran Baluchistan opened their way to Sind.
• Qutub-ud-din Aibak founded the Slave Dynasty in 1206 AD.
• Aibak was the first Muslim ruler of India.
• The capital of Qutub-ud-din Aibak was at Lahore.
• Qutub-ud-din Aibak was known as ‘Lakh Baksh’ or ‘giver of lakhs’.
• Hasan Nizami was a famous historian in the court of Aibek.
• Qutub-ud-din Aibak started the construction of Qutub Minar.
• The Delhi Sultanate included the Slave Dynasty (1206-1290 AD), Khalji Dynasty (1290-1320 AD), Tughlaq Dynasty (1320-1412 AD), Sayyid Dynasty (1414-1451 AD), and Lodhi Dynasty (1451-1526 AD).
• Alauddin Khalji ruled from 1296-1316 AD.
• Muhammad Tughlaq ruled from 1324-1351 AD.
• Firoz Shah Tughlaq ruled from 1351-1388 AD.
• The official language of the Delhi Sultanate was Persian.
• The decline of the Sultanate of Delhi led to the birth of the Bahmani Kingdom and the Vijayanagara Empire in South India.
• The Bahmanis were Muslim rulers, while the rulers of Vijayanagar were Hindus.
• The Bahmani kingdom was founded by Zafar Khan (Hassan) who took the title Alauddin Bahman Shah.
• Alauddin Bahman Shah selected Gulbaraga as its capital and renamed it Ahsanabad.
• Athanasius Nikitin, a Russian merchant, described the conditions of the Bahamani kingdom under Muhammad III.
• Duarte Barbosa, a Portuguese, gave a vivid account of the Vijayanagar government under Krishna Deva Raya.
• Dominigos Paes, a Portuguese, gave a glowing account of Krishna Deva’s personality.
• Fernao Nuniz was a Portuguese writer who spent three years in Vijayanagar (1535-37).
• The Mughals were originally Turks, belonging to the Chaghtai branch.
• Period of the Mughal empire is known as Second Classical Age, after the First Classical Age (Gupta Period).
• Mughal Empire is also known as Timurid Empire because of its relation to Amir Timur.
• Only six Mughal Emperors are considered great, ruling from 1526 to 1857.
• Mughal painting is a particular style of South Asian painting, generally confined to miniatures with various influences.
• Urdu was the spoken language of the Mughals.
• Following 1725, the Mughal empire declined rapidly.
• Shah Jahan was a famous lyricist who wrote lyrics in Hindi.
• The famous Peacock Throne was built by Shah Jahan.
• French travellers Bernier and Tavernier and Italian traveller Manucci visited India during Shahjahan’s period.
• Aurangazeb imprisoned his father Shahjahan and made himself the Padushah in 1658.
• The most prominent leader of the Marathas was Chatrapathi Shivaji.
• The Marathas became prominent in the later half of the 17th century.
• Shaji Bhonsle and Jija Bai were the parents of Shivaji.
• Shivaji’s tutor was Dadaji Kondadev.
• Shivaji came into conflict with the Mughals for the first time in 1657, during Shahjahan’s period.
• In 1665, Shivaji signed the Treaty of Purandar with Raja Jai Singh.
• On 16th June 1674, Shivaji crowned himself an independent Hindu king, becoming the Chatrapathi.
• Shivaji assumed the title ‘Haindavadharmodharak’.
• Shahu became the Chatrapathi in 1708, and his period saw the rise of Peshwaship.
• Balaji Vishwanath, Baji Rao I, Balaji Baji Rao I, and Madhav Rao I were Peshwas who ruled Maharashtra.
• Balaji Baji Rao’s period witnessed the Third Battle of Panipat in 1761, where Ahmed Shah Abdali defeated the Marathas.
• The wisest man of the Marathas was Nana Phadanis (1800).
• The Maratha script was called Modiscript.
• Peshwaship was abolished in 1818.
• Shivaji did not allow women in his military camp.
• The Marathas were equipped with an efficient naval system under Shivaji.

Modern History

• Sikh religion was founded by Guru Nanak.
• Guru Nanak was born at Talwandi in Lahore and belonged to the Khatri Caste.
• In 1741, Marthandavarma, the Travancore ruler, defeated the Dutch in the Battle of Kolachal.
• The final collapse of the Dutch came with their defeat by the English in the Battle of Bedara in 1759.
• The English East India Company was formed by ‘The Merchant Adventurers’ in 1599.
• Early name of the company was John Company.
• The English East India Company was formally established on 31st December 1600 by a Charter issued by Queen Elizabeth.
• King George I of England empowered the company to establish Municipal Corporations and Mayor’s Court in Bombay and Calcutta.
• The arrival of Dupleix as French Governor in India in 1742 saw the beginning of the Anglo-French Conflict.
• Robert Clive was the Governor of the English during the Carnatic wars.
• In 1759, Robert Clive defeated a Dutch expedition, marking the end of Dutch Power in India.
• The Battle of Plassey was fought between Robert Clive and Siraj-ud-daula, the Nawab of Bengal, where Siraj-ud-daula was defeated.
• Mir Zafar was made the Nawab of Bengal after the Battle of Plassey.
• After the battle of Plassey, Robert Clive became the first Governor of Bengal.
• Separate Courts were created for Indians and Europeans by the East India Company.
• Clive introduced the official postal system in 1766.
• The Carnatic Wars were a series of military contests between the British and French trading companies in the 18th century.
• The first Carnatic war between the French and English occurred in 1742 and ended in 1748 by the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapple.
• The second Carnatic war was from 1748 to 1754.
• The Third Carnatic war was from 1758 to 1763 and concluded with the signing of the 1763 Treaty of Paris.
• In 1764, the European Bengal Regiment Mutiny was followed by the First Indian Sepoy Mutiny against the British in Patna in May.
• The combined forces of Mir Kassim, Emperor of Delhi, and Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula of Oudh were defeated in the Battle of Buxar on October 23, 1764.
• The First Anglo – Mysore War (1767-69) started with the Battle of Changama.
• In 1784, the Asiatic Society of Bengal was established by William Jones with Warren Hastings as the first Patron.
• The Pitt’s India Act of 1784 was introduced to improve the government rule for the management of Indian affairs.
• In 1786, Lord Cornwallis was appointed Governor General as well as Commander-in-Chief.
• In 1790, the third Anglo- Mysore War broke out and ended by the Treaty of Srirangapatanam in 1792.
• In 1793, Lord Cornwallis introduced the Permanent Revenue Settlement in Bengal and Bihar.
• Cornwallis introduced a Civil Code for government servants (Cornwallis Code).
• Lord Wellesley (1793-98) introduced the Subsidiary Alliance system in 1798.
• The Nizam of Hydrabad concluded a Treaty of Subsidiary Alliance with the English.
• The Fourth Mysore War was waged under Major General W Pomham and General Baird against Tipu, who was killed in the battlefield on May 4, 1799.
• Tipu was the only Indian King who died on the battle field, fighting the British.
• Haider Ali was the son of Fatheh Muhammed, born in 1722.
• In 1766, Haider Ali became the ruler of Mysore.
• First Mysore war between Haider Ali and the English started in 1767 and ended in 1769 with the defeat of English and the treaty of Madras.
• Second Mysore War was from 1780 to 1784, fought during the period of Warren Hastings, and ended by the treaty of Mangalore.
• Haider Ali died in 1782 and Tipu Sultan became the Mysore ruler.
• Third Mysore war started in 1790 and ended in 1792 by the treaty of Sreerangapatnam.
• Fourth Anglo Mysore war was in 1799, fought during the period of Governor General Wellesley, where Tipu was killed at Srerrangapatanam.
• Tipu’s Capital was Sreerangapatanam.
• Tipu is known as Mysore Tiger.
• Fathul Mujahiddin is the book written by Tippu which describes about rockets.
• By the Treaty of Surji Arjangaon, the British got control of Delhi, Agra, Broach and other territories, marking the true end of the Mughal Empire.
• Lord Wellesely suppressed sacrifice of children in the sea in Sagar Island of Bengal.
• The Indian soldiers at Vellore and Madras mutinied in July 1806 against rules on caste marks and earrings.
• The Third Maratha War led to the dissolution of the Maratha confederacy and the formation of Bombay Presidency (1818).
• The British introduced the “Bengal state Prisoners Regulation III of 1818” for detention and deportation of political prisoners without trial.
• The Pindari bandits were smashed.
• British Indian Society was founded in Bengal in 1843 by British citizens for the welfare and rights of Indian Subjects.
• The First Anglo – Sikh War (1845-46) happened during Lord Hardings Period (1844-48), and Punjab lost its independence in 1849.
• Ryotwari System was introduced in Bombay, Madras, and Assam.
• Mahalwari System was introduced in the Awadh region, Punjab, NWFP, and parts of Central India.

Indian Independence Struggle

• The Great Mutiny of 1857 took place during the period of Lord Canning.
• Centres and Leaders of the Revolt included Lucknow (Begum Hazrat Mahal), Kanpur (Nana Saheb), Delhi (General Bhakt khan), Bihar (Kunwar Singh), and Jhansi (Rani Lekshmi Bai).
• The mutiny started in February 26, 1857, with the 19th Native Infantry at Berhampur refusing to use the greased cartridge.
• The first shot was fired on March 29 by Mangal Pandey of the 14th Bengal Infantry at Barrakpore.
• Mangal Pandey was hanged to death on March 29, 1857.
• May 10, 1857, witnessed the real mutiny at Meerut, followed by Delhi on 11th May.
• The first British to lose his life was Col. Finnis at Meerut.
• Bahadurshah II surrendered to Lt. W.S.R. Houdson on September 21, 1857, at Humayun’s Tomb in Delhi.
• The capture of Delhi and the proclamation of Bahadurshah as Emperor gave a positive political meaning to the revolt.
• The immediate cause for the 1857 revolt was the introduction of the greased cartridges, which used cow and pig fat offensive to Hindu and Muslim soldiers.
• The educated middle class section of the Indian population did not support the revolt of 1857.
• On November 1, 1858, a proclamation was made by the Queen to the people of India.
• The Queen Victoria’s Proclamation of 1858 announced the end of the Rule of the East India Company in India.
• Sir Hugh Ross described Rani of Jhansi as ‘‘The best and the bravest military leader of the rebels’’.
• The original name of Rani of Jhansi was Mani Karnika.
• The revolt was completely crushed in 1858.
• Benjamin Disraeli described the revolt as a ‘‘National Rising’’.
• V.D. Savarkar called it ‘‘The First War of Independence’’ in his book.
• The revolt of 1857 led to the dissolution of the East India Company in 1858 and India was thereafter directly governed by the Crown.
• The Doctrine of Lapse was an annexation policy by Governor General Lord Dalhousie.
• According to the Doctrine of Lapse, any princely state under British influence would be annexed if the ruler was incompetent or died without a direct heir.
• States annexed using the Doctrine of Lapse included Satara (1848), Jaipur and Sambalpur (1849), Nagpur and Jhansi (1854), and Awadh (1856).
• The British took over Awadh in 1856 with the reason that the ruler was not ruling properly.
• Following the revolt, the new British Viceroy of India renounced the Doctrine of Lapse.
• In 1859, the White Mutiny by European troops occurred.
• Bahadur Shall II was exiled to Rangoon in December 1859.
• Tantia Tope was captured and hanged at Sivapuri on April 18, 1859.
• Nanasaheb died in Nepal on Sept 24, 1859.
• The Indigo riots were started by Bengal peasants to protest against the torture and exploitation of British Indigo Planters.
• Iswar Chandra Vidya Sagar was awarded for the first act for raising the age of consent of girls for marriage.
• The Indian Councils Act 1861 established Legislative Councils at the Centre and in the Provinces and Presidencies by including non – official members.
• Swami Dayananda Saraswathi founded the Arya Samaj Centre in Bombay on April 17, 1875.
• S.N. Banerji founded the first students Union based on Politics in 1875.
• Lord Lytton’s Tenure as viceroy was from 1876 to 1880.
• On January 1, 1880, the Money Order System was introduced.
• Lord Ripon (1880 – 1884) came to be known as the father of Local Bodies in India.
• He replaced the Vernacular Press Act, which had destroyed the freedom of the Indian Press.

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