CDS

Digital Public Infrastructure & e-Governance in India: Reforms, State Initiatives & Bihar Case Study (2026)

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Federalism

Digital Public Infrastructure & e-Governance in India: Reforms, State Initiatives & Bihar Case Study (2026). Relevant to Competitive Exams Part A: Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) in India 1. Meaning of Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) DPI refers to foundational digital systems that enable secure, interoperable, population-scale digital services across sectors such as finance, identity, payments, health, … Read more

India’s Joint Defence Exercises (2021–2026): Power, Partnerships, Challenges & Strategic Impact

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Federalism

India’s Joint Defence Exercises (2021–2026): Power, Partnerships, Challenges & Strategic Impact. Explore India’s joint defence exercises with global partners (2021–2026) including dates, locations, objectives and strategic significance for Competitive Exams I. Joint Defence Exercises (2021–2026): India Introduction Between 2021 and 2026, India conducted 50+ bilateral and multilateral joint defence exercises annually, covering Army, Navy, Air … Read more

Indigenous Equipment of India: Complete List with Timeline for Competitive Exams in 2026

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Indigenous equipment

Indigenous Equipment of India: Complete List with Timeline for competitive exams in 2026 Indigenous Equipment of India in Defence Sector India’s Indigenous Defence Manufacturing — Tejas, Arjun, UAVsOverview: Over the past decade India has moved from a largely import-dependent defence posture toward a deliberate push for indigenous design, production and a defence ecosystem under “Make … Read more

Russia-Ukraine War 2022-25: Background, Causes, and Current Scenario

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current Events

Russia-Ukraine War: Background, Causes, and Current Scenario 1. Introduction The Russia-Ukraine war is one of the most significant geopolitical conflicts of the 21st century, reshaping global politics, security alliances, energy markets, and international law. The conflict escalated into a full-scale war on 24 February 2022, when Russia launched a large military invasion of Ukraine, marking … Read more

National Clean Air Programme 2019: Goals, Implementation & Way Forward

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BSSC

National Clean Air Programme 2019: Goals, Implementation & Way Forward National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) 1. Introduction The National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) is a pan-India initiative launched by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) in January 2019 to tackle the problem of air pollution in a comprehensive and time-bound manner. India … Read more

Aravalli Hills Case: Supreme Court Verdict (Including December 2025 ‘100-Metre Rule’)

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Current affairs

Aravalli Hills Case: Supreme Court Verdict (Including December 2025 ‘100-Metre Rule’). Important for Civil Serices Exams I. Timeline of Key Supreme Court Hearings & Orders on Aravalli Hills 1995–2002 | Origin of Judicial Intervention 2009–2011 | Strengthening of Mining Restrictions Forest character of land is decisive, not revenue or ownership classification. 2018 | Crackdown on … Read more

Bangladesh Political Crisis 2024–25: Yunus Caretaker Govt, India’s Concerns, China’s Role

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Indigenous equipment

Bangladesh Political Crisis 2024–25: Yunus Caretaker Govt, India’s Concerns, China’s Role. Current Affairs What Happened in Bangladesh? (Genesis of the Crisis) 👉 Finally, Sheikh Hasina left the country (took refuge in India), and her government fell. Who is ruling now? But things are still tense and unstable. Present Situation in Bangladesh Bangladesh is in a … Read more

पूर्वी एशिया संकट 2025: East Asia Crisis चीन–जापान संबंध बिगड़ने के कारण और भारत की रणनीतिक स्थिति

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current Events

पूर्वी एशिया संकट 2025: East Asia Crisis चीन–जापान संबंध बिगड़ने के कारण और भारत की रणनीतिक स्थिति चीन–जापान विवाद 2025– East Asia Crisis 1. ताज़ा कारण / तात्कालिक ट्रिगर 2. गहरी पृष्ठभूमि (A) ताइवान का ऐतिहासिक मुद्दा (B) जापान की बदलती सुरक्षा नीति (C) पूर्वी चीन सागर विवाद 3. विवाद के प्रभाव / Fallout of … Read more

Mental Reasoning 10- Problem solving practice Set and Step-by-Step Solutions for Competitive Exams SSC, BSSC, Bank, Railways

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BSSC

Mental Reasoning 10- Problem solving practice Set and Step-by-Step Solutions for Competitive Exams SSC, BSSC, Bank, Railways Problem Solving Practice Set covering all 14 major problem-solving types for competitive exams, from Easy → Moderate → High Level. I will structure it as: Problem Solving Practice Set Q1 (Easy — Number Series) Series: 3, 6, 12, … Read more

Mental Reasoning 10 – Problem Solving Technique and Step-by-Step Solutions for Competitive Exams SSC, BSSC, Bank, Railways

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BSSC

Mental Reasoning 10 – Problem Solving Technique and Step-by-Step Solutions for Competitive Exams SSC, BSSC, Bank, Railways Problem Solving Techniques in Mental Reasoning, is a key topic in competitive exams like SSC, Banking, Railways, BPSC, Defence, and State PSCs. I’ll cover all probable types, the methods to approach them, examples, and step-by-step techniques. Mental Reasoning: … Read more